खुमबहादुर, धर्मको राजनीति गर्नु अघि तथ्यांक त सही बोल!

तस्वीर: सेतोपाटि.कम 

कहिलेकाँहीं म नेपालमा तथ्यांकको प्रयोगको दूर्दशा देखेर हैरान हुनेगर्छु। भर्खरै भ्रस्टाचारको मुद्दा खेपेर राजनीतिमा फर्कने ठाउँ खोज्दै गरेका नेपाली कांग्रेसका नेता खुमबहादुर खडकाले प्रयोग गरेको तथ्यांक देख्दा भने म नलेखी बस्नै सकिन।

हाम्रा नेताज्यूहरु तथ्यांकको मनपरी प्रयोग गर्नुहुन्छ, यो भर्खरैको घटना एउटा ज्वलन्त उदाहरण मात्र हो।

सेतोपाटीको साउण्ड क्लाउडमा भएको अडियो रेकर्डको ५ औं मिनेटमा नेता खड्काले प्रयोग गरेको तथ्यांक आंशिक रूपमा सहि छैन। उनले भने जस्तो नेपालमा हिन्दु धर्मावलम्बीको जनसंख्या ९४ प्रतिशत नभई ८१.३४ छ। 

हिन्दु धर्मको आडमा धेरै अघिदेखि राजनीति गर्दै आएका राप्रपा-नेपालका नेता कमल थापाले पनि ९४ प्रतिशत नेपालीको हिन्दु धर्म भनेको मैले सुनेको छु। थापाकै पदचाँप पछ्याएका खड्काले सायद धर्मको तथ्यांक पनि उनीबाटै लिएका होलान। धर्मको नाममा राजनीति गर्नेले पहिले तथ्यांक त सहि बोलुन्।  कम्तिमा त्यति धर्म त नछोडुन्। 

केन्द्रीय तथ्यांक विभागले प्रकाशित गरेको राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०६८ को नतिजामा प्रस्ट उल्लेख गरिएको कुरा हो। सोहि प्रतिवेदनको पृष्ठ ४ पढे पनि नेपालमा कुन धर्ममा आस्था भएका व्यक्ति कति छन भन्ने स्पस्ट हुन्छ र सोहि प्रतिवेदनको पृष्ठ १४४ मा विस्तृत रूपमा तथ्यांक प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ।

यदि उनको ज्ञान अलि पुरानो भयो होला सायद २०५८ को तथ्यांक पो सम्झिए कि भन्दा समेत हिन्दु धर्मावलम्बीको जनसंख्या ८१.०८ मात्रै छ।

सार्वजनिक स्थानमा सार्वजनिक महत्वको र रास्ट्रिय राजनीतिमा तरंग ल्याउने मुद्दाको तथ्यांकीय आधार नै गलत छ। म तथ्यांक केलाउने तथ्यांककार होइन र मलाई यहाँ मेरो ज्ञान प्रस्तुत गर्न मन लागेको पनि होइन।

यो देशको सामान्य र सचेत नागरिकको हैसियतले म केन्द्रीय तथ्यांक विभागको धर्म सम्बन्धि तथ्यांक यहाँ प्रस्तुत गर्दैछु ता कि खड्काजस्ता कुनै नेता फेरि आएर सम्पूर्ण जनतालाई उल्लु बनाउन नसकुन।

२०६८ को जनगणनामा १० धर्महरुको रिपोर्ट गरिएको छ। जस बमोजिम कुल जनसंख्याको ८१.३ प्रतिशतले हिन्दु धर्म मान्छन भने, ९ प्रतिशत बौद्ध धर्म, ४.४ प्रतिशतले इस्लाम, ३.१ प्रतिशतले किराँत, १.४ प्रतिशतले इसाई, ०.५ प्रतिशतले प्रकृति धर्म मान्ने गरेका छन भने बोन, जैन, सिख, बहाई धर्मावलम्वीहरुको प्रतिशत न्यून रहेको छ।

  

कुरा यहाँ तथ्यांकको मात्रै छैन। कुरा यहाँ कस्ता व्यक्तिहरुले कस्तो मुद्दाको उठान गर्दै छन् भन्ने हो। जुन व्यक्तिलाई आफूले उठान गर्न लागेको मुद्दाका वा समुदाय कति छन भन्ने थाहा छैन ती व्यक्तिले कसरी त्यो समुदाय र जनसंख्याको उचित नेतृत्व गर्न सक्छन भन्ने पनि हो।

राजनीतिका नाममा गलत तथ्यांक प्रस्तुत गरेर मुद्दा उठान गर्नु आफैँमा एक बेइमानी हो। त्यसमाथि नेतृत्व भनेको सर्व स्वीकार्य हुनुपर्छ।

यहाँ बुझ्नुपर्ने कुरा के छ भने खुमबहादुर खड्काले आफूलाई रास्ट्रको नेताको रूपमा उभ्याउन खोज्दै छैनन्। उनले आफूलाई केवल एक धर्मको नेताका रूपमा उभ्याउन खोजेका छन्।

यदि उनलाई यस मुद्दाले धेरै सताउदो हो त उनले आफ्नै पार्टी नेपाली कांग्रेस भित्र यसको बहस गर्न सक्थे, पार्टी नेतृत्वलाई दवाव दिन सक्थे। तर, त्यसको विपरित उनि पार्टीभित्रका बिभिन्न कारणले असन्तुस्ट पक्षसँग मिलेर पार्टी बाहिर धर्मको विषय उठाउदै हिडेका छन्।

राजनीति प्रति चरम आशक्ति भएको एउटा व्यक्तिले आफ्नो आशक्ति लुकाउन नसकेको कुरा उदांगो भएको छ यति बेला। 

भ्रस्टाचारका कारण मुलधारको राजनीतिमा पुनः आउन निकै कठिनाई हुनु, नेपाली कांग्रेस पार्टी भित्र विस्तारै आफ्नो प्रभाव कम हुदै जानु, तथा विगतका चुनावमा हार्नुले कम हुँदै गरेको आफ्नो राजनैतिक शक्तिलाई पुनः प्राप्त गर्ने मौकाका रूपमा यस मुद्दालाई खड्काले हेरेका होलान्।

खड्का एक कुशल राजनैतिक खेलाडी हुन् र उनले राजनीतिमा पुनरागमन गर्ने उपायका रूपमा यस मुद्दालाई छानेको हुनुपर्छ। आखिर यो मुद्दाले उनलाई कहिँ नपुर्‍याए पनि उनलाई घाटा त केहि छैन। एक पटक बाजी मारी हेर्ने, दाउ परे ठिकै छ नत्र नोक्सानी त केहि छैन उनलाई।

यस मुद्दाले खड्कालाई कहाँ पुर्‍याउने हो त्यो त समयले भन्ला तर, उनले उठान गरेको मुद्दालाई जनताले संबिधानसभाको चुनावमा हराएको सर्व विदितै छ।

जो व्यक्तिसँग केहि छ उसलाई केहि गुमाउने डर हुन्छ तर जो व्यक्तिसँग अब गुमाउन बाँकी केहि छैन त्यो व्यक्तिले केहि गुमाउन सक्दैन तर आफूले पहिले गुमाएको कुरा प्राप्त गर्न जे पनि गर्न सक्छ।

हिन्दु धर्मका नाममा राजनीति गर्नुको साटो हिन्दु धर्मका नाममा स्वच्छ मनले समाजसेवामा लाग्दा खड्का जस्ता नेतालाई जनताले पत्याउने थिए र बिगतमा केहि पाप गरेको भए पुण्य समेत मिल्ने थियो।

यति बेला कसैले केहि अतिवादी सोच ल्याएर संक्रमणकालीन अवस्थाको फाइदा लिन खोज्छ भने त्यसको प्रतिकार सचेत नागरिकहरुको दायित्व हो आवश्यक पर्दा गर्नुपर्छ।

म न कुनै धर्मको समर्थक वा कुनै धर्मको विरोधी हो। म विरोधी हुँ भने केवल त्यो सोचको जसले देशमा एकै बोल्ने, एकै धर्म मान्ने, एकै देखिने व्यक्ति हुनुपर्छ भनी सोच्छन्। 

(सेतोपाटि.कम )

Hear us too

In the recent Constituent Assembly (CA) election, eight percent youth were elected as CA members under the First Past the Post (FPTP) System.

The percentage of youth candidates in this election was even more impressive: 41 percent of total candidates were below the age of 40. 

There were many new parties which fielded new candidates. However, the number of young candidates nominated by major political parties was not so exciting. If we are to refer to the National Youth Policy, it defines “youth” as those aged 16-40.

Zakaria Zainal

This age group accounts for 42 percent of the population, but constitutes only eight percent of FPTP winners in the CA. The figures are not going to get better anytime soon, if recent activities of political parties are anything to go by. This means that the agendas and voices of young people are likely to go unheard in the new CA.

The unhealthy tussle in the major parties to finalize their PR candidates does not indicate their seriousness about youth representation. The PR list CPN-UML submitted to Election Commission, for example, sidelined prominent young faces like Ramkumari Jhankri who was at the forefront of second Jana Andolan and has since been consistently advocating for youth friendly policies. 

Other parties don’t seem very different. This practice will continue as long as our parties continue to be ruled by a few dictatorial heads. 

Most of our political parties are undemocratic and hierarchical. 

Lack of intraparty democracy is one of the major reasons. Be it student union, trade union or any other sister organization of mainstream political parties, they all lack intra-organizational democracy. These unions are as fragmented as their mother parties. As a result, they are not strong enough to challenge malpractices in the mother party.

Tokenism trumps meritocracy in most parties, while making political appointments or selecting candidates for CA election. Political leaders look for the people who buy into their school of thought and who belong to their faction. Unfortunately, the youth fall behind when they fail to follow these unwritten rules.

The youth are in no way free of blame. When they are at the forefront of political movements, they dare to challenge their leaders. But when the movements end, they forget their power and surrender before the same leaders. They have enough courage to challenge the autocratic system of the country, but are afraid to challenge a similar situation within their parties. They can come together to bargain when fuel price is hiked, but not to ask for respect for their opinion in their parties.

One of the reasons youth are being sidelined is because the interest groups working on youth are not active. When it comes to the representation of female and marginalized communities, several interest groups working for the benefit of these sections put pressure on the parties for meaningful representation. This is not the case with our youth. Representation of female and marginalized groups is mandated by law. This has forced political parties to make sure they are well represented, which, again, is not the case for the youth.

The time has come for the youth to be considered partners of today, not only of the future. It doesn’t look like the representation of youth will increase in this CA. Despite the lack of numerical strength, the aspirations and issues of youth shouldn’t be ignored in this CA. For this, present CA members should be sensitized about the issues, challenges and aspirations of youth. This in turn will call for youth wings of political parties and non-political youth organizations teaming up to serve as watchdogs.

Time will test both political and non-political youth organizations. The need of the hour is the implementation of the dormant National Youth Policy (NYP). One of the first tasks of youth organizations is to build pressure on elected representatives to do so. 

Representation of youth in CA is necessary to ensure that the aspirations of younger generation are addressed. The youth are the best persons to raise their own issues. Furthermore, the future of the nation belongs to the youth, and this is a moment when the future of the nation is being written. To ensure youth ownership of these changes, it is necessary to make them a part of the system.

Creating a special working group on youth within the CA can be a viable way to compensate for their poor numerical representation in CA. The working group should be assigned with bringing up the agendas concerning youth which shouldn’t be missed in the constitution. Furthermore, both political and non-political youth organizations should assist the committee.

(This article was published on Republica op-ed on December 31, 2013)

YUWA let's Vote - Television Show

On Novmber 2, 2013, I was invited to talk on a TV Show in News 24 Television. The issue of the program was the necessity for young people to vote. Two other guests, Santosh Acharya from Youth Initiative and Pradeep Bashyal from Nepal Magazine were with me.

Below are some clips from the 1.5 hour long program. The program also highlighted the statistics that was worked by me.

Out with Old

Despite the uncertainty surrounding Free Students Union (FSU) elections, political parties are going all out to strengthen their position ahead of the upcoming student election. Extravagant promotional materials inside college premises hint of a celebratory mood. But rumors of fake admissions and extravagance in campaigning definitely raise a big question about the source of money that is being pumped into these elections. The FSU election is supposed to elect a body that addresses the concerns of college-going students. However, the effectiveness of the FSUs is highly questionable. Over the years, political agendas have been put on the frontline rather than academic agendas. The FSUs have become a metastasizing tumor.
Over last few weeks, FSUs have been vehemently criticized in the media, but FSUs have turned deaf ear to the comments and suggestions coming their way. Ideologically blindfolded leaders see nothing except what serves their narrow interests. Hence they openly flout election guidelines they themselves created. Apart from FSUs, the silence of academic and administrative leaders of Tribhuvan University and students is also to be blamed for this unruliness. 

Time has come we started to question the rationale behind political FSUs and to look for an alternative to FSUs, which routinely fail to raise academic and other issues faced by students. Rather than invest millions for election of student body, it would be wise to invest in welfare of students. But this can happen only when university authorities and students partner for promotion of quality education rather than petty politics.
The alternative is a new system for formation of FSUs in colleges. The new system of students union should incorporate the concept of clubs and other sub-divisions under the leadership and supervision of the union. Elections should start in the classroom. This can be in the form of electing class representatives (CRs) or class captain every year. To make election inclusive, one male and one female can be elected from a class for representation in the student’s union where all CRs meet. The executive team can be elected from among them. For instance, if a college has 15 different classrooms, there will be 30 elected CRs in the council and the executive team can be elected from among them. The size of the executive team can be need-based. 


Republica

Furthermore, multiple student clubs addressing the varied interests of students must exist in colleges under the supervision and leadership of the union. The clubs should have a democratic system where members of a particular club are free to choose their desired leadership. Students should be free to open a new club under student union after getting enough members and after making a strong case that their need is not being met by existing clubs.

The student’s union should act as an umbrella body that guides and governs the plans and activities of all other clubs in the college. The student’s union thus formed can sit with college administration with plans of the union and clubs and try to fit the activities in the academic calendar. This way, student’s union will essentially be a student’s body. Exams, results and other academic activities start happening according to the calendar and everybody benefits.

There should be clear demarcation of roles and responsibilities of student union and college administration. Student union should not be provided the right to hamper academic programs and college administration should not be allowed to meddle in the activities of students.
This model has multiple advantages for universities, students and the nation as a whole. The academic calendar comes back on track. Large number of students will directly benefit as several kinds of activities will occur at the college and they can participate in the one they feel meets their interest.

Furthermore, a large chunk of students get the opportunity to practice leadership. They can organize programs under different clubs or they can take charge of any club or student union itself. The model further helps in actualization of student’s issues as they can directly be carried to the student’s union by CRs.
The model is already in place at few private colleges of Kathmandu and is serving pretty well. The KCM Student Council is a case in point. The council started in 2003 and is independent from college management and political parties, yet its annual financial transactions exceed Rs 1,500,000, which is essentially student earned money for student council. Ultimately, the amount is invested in various student activities.
This is a viable alternative to the existing FSU system. As time passes, traditional institutions need to be reviewed and updated. If the FSUs are not ready to mend their ways, students and the universities should be ready to adopt the new model.
Republica

MOOCs for global audiences

The Year 2012 was the year of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs). Several leading platforms for learning, including Coursera, Udacity and EdX Online launched their services during February to April 2013. With these three startups in the technology market, education has somehow been “democratized.” The course content that was available to a handful of people is now available to the global audience.

Today, Coursera has a user base of more than 2.8 million and offers 313 courses from 62 different universities from around the globe while Udacity offers 22 courses in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) and EdX offers 32 different courses from universities like Harvard and MIT. Also, EdX on its blog on March 3, 2013 announced that its system will be available open source to ease the usage of technology for education from June 1, 2013. 

These MOOCs can be very beneficial to all those who seek to learn in the true sense. A few courses do offer the certificate of completion; however, most of the courses don’t provide the credentials. The contents that are delivered through these sites are outstanding and the discussion forums and quizzes aid the learning process. In a normal course, students from more than 150 countries sign up and express their opinions over the forums, and these virtual study groups give a unique sense of learning and expand the horizon of the applicability of the contents.

Over the last 11 months, universities in the US have been heavily debating on the new trend of education. At one end of the world, technology is growing rapidly and the debate is on whether the courses should be open and free while, unfortunately, guess papers and guidebooks are all sold out in the market as exams approach.
There are countless points which could be discussed and scrutinized to see how outdated a teaching/learning mechanism we have. Even when we compare the two leading universities of the country, Tribhuvan University (TU) and Kathmandu University (KU), there is huge gap between their teaching and learning methodologies.
All universities, professors and students must feel the urgency of sensing the global educational trends. Everybody cannot afford Ivy Leagues but they can afford to sit in front of a computer and taste the way teaching/learning is done.

However, initiatives from universities alone are not capable enough for the change that we want to see. Students should also, at least, try the subjects of their interest. Since these courses are generally shorter in length, students can give it a try.

There are also constraints to this new option. With only 19% of Nepal’s population having access to Internet, language and with other barriers, it might seem difficult to attend the virtual classrooms. However, a few measures can be taken to give this new taste not only to students, colleges or universities but to all those who opt for broadening their horizon.

The government’s Youth Information Centers (YIC) and Information Centers at the VDC level could also be used as strategic learning centers for many young people. This could foster the rural learners’ accessibility to the world-class education. Furthermore, different learning centers and libraries established by several organizations in the country can be established as strategic learning centers and attract students to use their resources to learn.

Colleges and universities can arrange a learning environment for their students in their respective colleges and universities. This will provide platforms to students who don’t regularly access computer and Internet. In addition, Internet Service Providers (ISPs) can also be encouraged to provide access to these learning portals at subsidized rates.

It’s never too late to start. It has not even been a year but these MOOCs are booming. You can start your own learning experience at www.coursera.org, www.udacity.com or www.edx.org today.

Republica