खुमबहादुर, धर्मको राजनीति गर्नु अघि तथ्यांक त सही बोल!

तस्वीर: सेतोपाटि.कम 

कहिलेकाँहीं म नेपालमा तथ्यांकको प्रयोगको दूर्दशा देखेर हैरान हुनेगर्छु। भर्खरै भ्रस्टाचारको मुद्दा खेपेर राजनीतिमा फर्कने ठाउँ खोज्दै गरेका नेपाली कांग्रेसका नेता खुमबहादुर खडकाले प्रयोग गरेको तथ्यांक देख्दा भने म नलेखी बस्नै सकिन।

हाम्रा नेताज्यूहरु तथ्यांकको मनपरी प्रयोग गर्नुहुन्छ, यो भर्खरैको घटना एउटा ज्वलन्त उदाहरण मात्र हो।

सेतोपाटीको साउण्ड क्लाउडमा भएको अडियो रेकर्डको ५ औं मिनेटमा नेता खड्काले प्रयोग गरेको तथ्यांक आंशिक रूपमा सहि छैन। उनले भने जस्तो नेपालमा हिन्दु धर्मावलम्बीको जनसंख्या ९४ प्रतिशत नभई ८१.३४ छ। 

हिन्दु धर्मको आडमा धेरै अघिदेखि राजनीति गर्दै आएका राप्रपा-नेपालका नेता कमल थापाले पनि ९४ प्रतिशत नेपालीको हिन्दु धर्म भनेको मैले सुनेको छु। थापाकै पदचाँप पछ्याएका खड्काले सायद धर्मको तथ्यांक पनि उनीबाटै लिएका होलान। धर्मको नाममा राजनीति गर्नेले पहिले तथ्यांक त सहि बोलुन्।  कम्तिमा त्यति धर्म त नछोडुन्। 

केन्द्रीय तथ्यांक विभागले प्रकाशित गरेको राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०६८ को नतिजामा प्रस्ट उल्लेख गरिएको कुरा हो। सोहि प्रतिवेदनको पृष्ठ ४ पढे पनि नेपालमा कुन धर्ममा आस्था भएका व्यक्ति कति छन भन्ने स्पस्ट हुन्छ र सोहि प्रतिवेदनको पृष्ठ १४४ मा विस्तृत रूपमा तथ्यांक प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ।

यदि उनको ज्ञान अलि पुरानो भयो होला सायद २०५८ को तथ्यांक पो सम्झिए कि भन्दा समेत हिन्दु धर्मावलम्बीको जनसंख्या ८१.०८ मात्रै छ।

सार्वजनिक स्थानमा सार्वजनिक महत्वको र रास्ट्रिय राजनीतिमा तरंग ल्याउने मुद्दाको तथ्यांकीय आधार नै गलत छ। म तथ्यांक केलाउने तथ्यांककार होइन र मलाई यहाँ मेरो ज्ञान प्रस्तुत गर्न मन लागेको पनि होइन।

यो देशको सामान्य र सचेत नागरिकको हैसियतले म केन्द्रीय तथ्यांक विभागको धर्म सम्बन्धि तथ्यांक यहाँ प्रस्तुत गर्दैछु ता कि खड्काजस्ता कुनै नेता फेरि आएर सम्पूर्ण जनतालाई उल्लु बनाउन नसकुन।

२०६८ को जनगणनामा १० धर्महरुको रिपोर्ट गरिएको छ। जस बमोजिम कुल जनसंख्याको ८१.३ प्रतिशतले हिन्दु धर्म मान्छन भने, ९ प्रतिशत बौद्ध धर्म, ४.४ प्रतिशतले इस्लाम, ३.१ प्रतिशतले किराँत, १.४ प्रतिशतले इसाई, ०.५ प्रतिशतले प्रकृति धर्म मान्ने गरेका छन भने बोन, जैन, सिख, बहाई धर्मावलम्वीहरुको प्रतिशत न्यून रहेको छ।

  

कुरा यहाँ तथ्यांकको मात्रै छैन। कुरा यहाँ कस्ता व्यक्तिहरुले कस्तो मुद्दाको उठान गर्दै छन् भन्ने हो। जुन व्यक्तिलाई आफूले उठान गर्न लागेको मुद्दाका वा समुदाय कति छन भन्ने थाहा छैन ती व्यक्तिले कसरी त्यो समुदाय र जनसंख्याको उचित नेतृत्व गर्न सक्छन भन्ने पनि हो।

राजनीतिका नाममा गलत तथ्यांक प्रस्तुत गरेर मुद्दा उठान गर्नु आफैँमा एक बेइमानी हो। त्यसमाथि नेतृत्व भनेको सर्व स्वीकार्य हुनुपर्छ।

यहाँ बुझ्नुपर्ने कुरा के छ भने खुमबहादुर खड्काले आफूलाई रास्ट्रको नेताको रूपमा उभ्याउन खोज्दै छैनन्। उनले आफूलाई केवल एक धर्मको नेताका रूपमा उभ्याउन खोजेका छन्।

यदि उनलाई यस मुद्दाले धेरै सताउदो हो त उनले आफ्नै पार्टी नेपाली कांग्रेस भित्र यसको बहस गर्न सक्थे, पार्टी नेतृत्वलाई दवाव दिन सक्थे। तर, त्यसको विपरित उनि पार्टीभित्रका बिभिन्न कारणले असन्तुस्ट पक्षसँग मिलेर पार्टी बाहिर धर्मको विषय उठाउदै हिडेका छन्।

राजनीति प्रति चरम आशक्ति भएको एउटा व्यक्तिले आफ्नो आशक्ति लुकाउन नसकेको कुरा उदांगो भएको छ यति बेला। 

भ्रस्टाचारका कारण मुलधारको राजनीतिमा पुनः आउन निकै कठिनाई हुनु, नेपाली कांग्रेस पार्टी भित्र विस्तारै आफ्नो प्रभाव कम हुदै जानु, तथा विगतका चुनावमा हार्नुले कम हुँदै गरेको आफ्नो राजनैतिक शक्तिलाई पुनः प्राप्त गर्ने मौकाका रूपमा यस मुद्दालाई खड्काले हेरेका होलान्।

खड्का एक कुशल राजनैतिक खेलाडी हुन् र उनले राजनीतिमा पुनरागमन गर्ने उपायका रूपमा यस मुद्दालाई छानेको हुनुपर्छ। आखिर यो मुद्दाले उनलाई कहिँ नपुर्‍याए पनि उनलाई घाटा त केहि छैन। एक पटक बाजी मारी हेर्ने, दाउ परे ठिकै छ नत्र नोक्सानी त केहि छैन उनलाई।

यस मुद्दाले खड्कालाई कहाँ पुर्‍याउने हो त्यो त समयले भन्ला तर, उनले उठान गरेको मुद्दालाई जनताले संबिधानसभाको चुनावमा हराएको सर्व विदितै छ।

जो व्यक्तिसँग केहि छ उसलाई केहि गुमाउने डर हुन्छ तर जो व्यक्तिसँग अब गुमाउन बाँकी केहि छैन त्यो व्यक्तिले केहि गुमाउन सक्दैन तर आफूले पहिले गुमाएको कुरा प्राप्त गर्न जे पनि गर्न सक्छ।

हिन्दु धर्मका नाममा राजनीति गर्नुको साटो हिन्दु धर्मका नाममा स्वच्छ मनले समाजसेवामा लाग्दा खड्का जस्ता नेतालाई जनताले पत्याउने थिए र बिगतमा केहि पाप गरेको भए पुण्य समेत मिल्ने थियो।

यति बेला कसैले केहि अतिवादी सोच ल्याएर संक्रमणकालीन अवस्थाको फाइदा लिन खोज्छ भने त्यसको प्रतिकार सचेत नागरिकहरुको दायित्व हो आवश्यक पर्दा गर्नुपर्छ।

म न कुनै धर्मको समर्थक वा कुनै धर्मको विरोधी हो। म विरोधी हुँ भने केवल त्यो सोचको जसले देशमा एकै बोल्ने, एकै धर्म मान्ने, एकै देखिने व्यक्ति हुनुपर्छ भनी सोच्छन्। 

(सेतोपाटि.कम )

Students from the global south embrace open online courses

In conversation with Matt McGarrity, Senior Lecturer in the Communication Department at the University of Washington, whose Intro to Public Speaking course is one of the most popular MOOC’s. (Photo by Ranak Martin)

Think of all of the stress you might suffer applying to get into an Ivy League school — and all the money you’d spend to actually attend one.

Well believe it or not, these days the courses offered by these Ivy League universities are available free of cost in few clicks. These online courses have been hailed for “democratizing” higher education.

A typical MOOC — shorthand for “Massive Open Online Course”  — uses a blend of technologies like virtual classrooms, discussion forums, online texts and libraries, video lectures, wikis and web videos.

Leading platforms for online learning include Udacity and Khan Academy, as well as newcomers Coursera and edx.

From my home in Nepal, I took “Introduction to Sociology” with Princeton Professor Mitchell Duneier in 2012, and was eventually invited to visit Princeton University (in person) because of my active participation in the online course. Ever since then, MOOCs have been a subject of great interest to me. I’ve taken more than a few MOOCs myself and always enjoyed them.

But I wondered about the experience of other students from the global South.

How did they find out about the courses? What motivated them to take the course, and to stick with it? What platform did they use for the course? What struggles did they face while taking the course?

“I read about it in the news and then decided to go for it,” says Ankur Jhunjhunwala, 25, a student of Faculty of Management Studies (FMS) at Delhi University, in India explaining how he first found out about MOOCs. “I took the course before joining MBA because I had free time; I take the courses today because I can add them to my CV.”

Jhunjhunwala has completed three courses on Coursera: “Understanding Einstein: The Special Theory of Relativity,” “Introduction to Philosophy” and “What Managers can Learn from Great Philosophers”

Referring to the wide range of the availability of the courses Jhunjhunwala adds, “Why should I have any confusion in tapping the opportunity to learn world class content residing in the third world?”

However, not everyone who signs up completes their courses — not by a long shot.

“I signed up for 15 courses and completed five courses,” says Tara Ballav Adhikari, a government employee from Nepal.

“I completed one of the courses on economics and I was not motivated to complete the coursework in second course because I took this course out of curiosity,” says Dikshya Dhakal, a student of Economics at North Seattle College.

“I would be more serious about the course if I would get the credit for it,” Dhakal adds with a faint smile. “I would be even more serious if I had to pay for it.”

Dhakal’s subtle humor reminded me of Anant Agarwal, CEO of edX talking about “active learning” — where a learner has the control of the learning pace and constantly interacts with the content — in the Harvard Edcast: edX Marks the Spot.

I wondered how educators like Agarwal will be able to meet the aspiration of students like Dhakal.

Coursera, one of the leading MOOCs providers. (Photo by Saifullah Muhammad)

A recent Coursera blog claims to have 7.5 million learners from 190 countries on its website and offers courses from more than 100 renowned educational institutions.

Another platform, edX has several courses offered by prominent universities ranging from the computer sciences to law and literature. The user base of the platform has increased to over 1.6 million.

But a study done by Harvard and MIT earlier this year showed that only five percent (43,196) of the total signups in the first 17 courses offered by edX actually earned the certificate by completing the coursework.

This horrifying statistic has forced many people to consider MOOCs a failure. But on the other hand, with so many students signing up, even that low completion rate is yielding huge numbers of certified students who might otherwise never get an opportunity to learn that material.

“Comparing a small classroom with MOOCs is wrong!” says Matt McGarrity, senior lecturer in the communication department at the University of Washington who has reached over 300,000 people with his public speaking MOOCs on both Coursera and edX. “It is like comparing a novel with a movie adapted from that very novel. Novel is a different genre and the movie is different. Standards from one can inform the critique of the other but should not dictate it.”

But Adhikari says no matter what the critique are, he will continue taking the MOOCs.

“Despite the poor internet service and 16 hours of power cut every day, having the access to world-class courses free of cost gives me a sense of privilege.”

(This article originally appeared in www.Seattleglobalist.com on August 6, 2014)

Tale of a RADIO

Emergence of e-Radios like iTunes and Pandora has threatened the existence of conventional radio. When even the commercial radio stations are facing a threat and challenge for the survival. It was a wonderful opportunity for me to visit KUOW and understand how the private, not for profit radio is operating and coping with the challenges of changing media landscape.

It was interesting to learn that the broadcast region of the radio extends across Seattle, the Puget Sound region and Western Washington. I was also amazed to explore that the radio served nearly 419,100 listeners* each week.

Furthermore, the revenue model adopted by the radio was very new for me. We hardly have any radios that are operated by donations. The 2013 annual report of the Radio stated that in the fiscal year 2013, 63% of the revenue was individual support, 23% business support, 9% institutional support and 2% were other sources.

Even the broadcast advertisements are less than 20 seconds and contain direct message. This model eliminates the potential influence from the advertisers on the content broadcast through the radio. The studio can win the trust of the audiences for broadcasting the unbiased news.

In addition, the strategies adopted by the radio to retain its competitive edge in the changing media landscape was very exciting. Though the primary focus of the radio is radio programs, still they have invested heavily in the online platforms.

It was exciting to learn that the Human Resource in the technical departments, web department and social media has doubled compared to the last year. The changing Human Resources patterns also indicate that there have been increased efforts to provide the radio programs and contents in the web.

KUOW has also two intensive programs that help young students to meet their learning aptitude through a program called Radioactive Youth Media and support the media initiative through KUOW venture fund. Which is a positive step on the part of KUOW to strengthen radio journalism in the region. The way it serves as a practical school is a very rare sight in my home country.

During the conversation, I learnt that the reporters and journalists have changed the way they used to prepare programs. Only audio would work for the radio programs a couple of years back, however, now the same person would also need to prepare the text version for web as well as audio for radio.

The way the length of talk shows have declined to 10 minutes from 40 minutes long portrays that there has been a fundamental shift in the radio programming at the KUOW. However, people working in the stations are cynical about the way things have changed and fear that the programs might lose their qualitative strength with the change. They are also waiting for the feedback from the audience for the recent changes.

From Gossips to a Small town paper; Challenges of survival

Originating from country where having access to newspaper is a matter of luxury, it was exhilarating to learn that independent newspaper existed in a village of USA. It was more fascinating to learn that the paper’s history was longer than that of the place.

Nestled among the foothills of beautiful Mt. Rainier, Eatonville enjoys a small town charm and distinctive

natural beauty. The paper has a long standing history like the Mt. Rainier. The Eatonville Dispatch has been the voice of South Pierce County since 1893. While, the town of Eatonville was incorporated in 1909.

Our team was lucky to meet the three full time staffs of The Dispatch who are struggling hard to get the paper going. We were able to hear the stories from persons who were involved in the editorial, marketing and the office operation.

The current editor shared about the challenges of transforming the paper from the local Gossip paper to objective paper. It was interesting to learn how the paper had a surviving history of more than 121 years though it was a gossip paper. It was also interesting to learn how ‘gossip’ sales throughout the world.

The experience from the marketing personnel of the paper who faces trouble convincing the advertisers about the tangible changes in the sales was very familiar to what I hear in my home country. It was amazing to know despite that, there are several local business that still advertise.

The revenue model of the paper was new for me. The paper is owned by the law firm which has taken ownership of similar local newspaper from the other parts of the state to publish the legal notices. I never see such sight back at home. It was good to know that legal notices make a good business for the paper.

It was also exciting to learn that how doing journalism in a small-town paper is difficult. People know every other person of the town personally and it becomes hard to write about the person whom we know personally.

It was also wonderful to see 1000 subscribers of the paper in a town which has around 2,815 residents. It was also insightful to learn that the majority of these subscribers are people from the older generation who actually grew up with the paper.

Like all the papers around the world it was good to learn that the paper has its unique strategies to cope up with the changing media landscape and increase its young readership.

Gun violence has foreign visitors fearful of US

Years ago, on a long distance train ride in India, I asked a young man sitting next to me if he’d ever traveled to the United States. He mentioned a 48-hour layover in Los Angeles so I inquired about his sightseeing–imagining a whirlwind tour of the La Brea Tar Pits and the Hollywood Walk of Fame.

“I stayed in the airport,” he said, “I was afraid of getting shot.”

This very violent month in Seattle has me remembering that conversation. I’ve been preparing to teach a class about American journalism to a group of South Asian students visiting the University of Washington.

In the three weeks it’s taken me to finalize my syllabus two young men were shot and killed on Capitol Hill (one of them, Dwone Anderson-Young, was a recent graduate of the UW Department of Communication where I teach), a shooter at Seattle Pacific University killed one student and wounded two more and a man was arrested for threatening to shoot women on the UW campus.

As all this horror hit the news I wondered about the international students arriving this week to start their program:  Did they know about these recent tragedies? Were they scared? What did they think about coming to a country where the threat of gun violence seems increasingly normal?

“We read about it in the news and my mother freaked out,” says Medha Kohli, 19, of India, referring to the SPU shooting, “We knew that shootings are pretty common at universities in America but then it was happening in Seattle that was very scary for my mother.”

Visiting students from South Asia — seen here visiting The Seattle Times — say the US’s reputation for mass shootings looms large in their home countries. (Photo by Catherine Cheng)

Kohli and her classmates have grown up watching American school shootings on TV and they casually rehashed some of the bigger ones (“the one with the Kindergarten students,” “Adam Lanza,” “Virginia Tech”) while navigating new American breakfast foods (the tater tots are popular, the reconstituted scrambled eggs are not).

There are a lot of stereotypes about guns in America clearly perpetuated by Hollywood, from the ubiquitous handgun in the bedside drawer (one student, from Nepal, assumes all Americans have one of these) to references to “cowboy movies.”

But mostly there’s genuine confusion about why guns are so easy to access in the United States.

“We don’t see these kinds of things happen in South Asian countries,” says Dipendra K.C., 24, of Nepal–a country where guns are tightly controlled by the government.

There’s a moment of thought before his classmate, Simran Bhui, 20, of India, pipes up to add, “We have other kinds of terrorism.”

Terrorism?

Bhui’s use of the word to describe gun violence in America seemed extreme. But it got me thinking about how our sense of fear and awareness of risk is heightened when traveling to a foreign country. It also got me wondering if I’ve become desensitized to violence in my own country.

Maybe Americans are being terrorized by gun violence.

President Obama visits victims of the 2012 movie theater shootings in Aurora, Colorado. (Photo by Pete Souza / The White House)

“You do think of it,” says Thilini Kahandawaarachchi, 31, of Sri Lanka describing her decision to become a graduate student of International Studies at the University of Washington, “It has happened in so many universities, in so many schools and it keeps on happening…So it’s one of the things that are talked about.”

UW recruiters often hear about concerns over guns in America when in other countries says Kim Lovaas, Associate Director for International Admissions at The UW.

“Safety and gun violence is a general question, especially in countries where guns are outlawed,” says Lovaas, “I’ve been doing this 14 years and have probably been asked [about this] every time.”

Lovass is quick to point out — to me and to prospective students — that violent crime on the UW campus is low and that students should be more concerned with theft.

The South Asian students I spoke with had mixed opinions regarding whether or not the threat of gun violence would color their time to the U.S.

But K.C. says it won’t be on his mind at all.

“I won’t be thinking about it because I’m not used to the idea that someone will suddenly come up to me and shoot me,” he explains.

Hopefully someday American students will be able to say the same.

(This article was authored by Sarah Stuteville for Seattle Globalist)